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Analysis of the double-layer α-Si:H emitter with different doping concentrations for α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctionsolar cells

Haibin HUANG,Gangyu TIAN,Tao WANG,Chao GAO,Jiren YUAN,Zhihao YUE,Lang ZHOU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 92-95 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0432-8

摘要: Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (α-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. Compared with the traditional single layer emitter, both the experiment and the simulation (AFORS-HET, http://www.paper.edu.cn/html/releasepaper/2014/04/282/) prove that the double-layer emitter increases the short circuit current of the cells significantly. Based on the quantum efficiency (QE) results and the current-voltage-temperature analysis, the mechanism for the experimental results above has been investigated. The possible reasons for the increased current include the enhancement of the QE in the short wavelength range, the increase of the tunneling probability of the current transport and the decrease of the activation energy of the emitter layers.

关键词: double-layer emitter     α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cell     short circuit current     quantum efficiency     current-voltage-temperature    

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of excellent a-Si:H passivation layers for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctionsolar cells at high pressure and high power

Lei ZHAO,Wenbin ZHANG,Jingwei CHEN,Hongwei DIAO,Qi WANG,Wenjing WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 85-91 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0437-3

摘要: The intrinsic a-Si:H passivation layer inserted between the doped a-Si:H layer and the c-Si substrate is very crucial for improving the performance of the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. The passivation performance of the a-Si:H layer is strongly dependent on its microstructure. Usually, the compact a-Si:H deposited near the transition from the amorphous phase to the nanocrystalline phase by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) can provide excellent passivation. However, at the low deposition pressure and low deposition power, such an a-Si:H layer can be only prepared in a narrow region. The deposition condition must be controlled very carefully. In this paper, intrinsic a-Si:H layers were prepared on n-type Cz c-Si substrates by 27.12 MHz PECVD at a high deposition pressure and high deposition power. The corresponding passivation performance on c-Si was investigated by minority carrier lifetime measurement. It was found that an excellent a-Si:H passivation layer could be obtained in a very wide deposition pressure and power region. Such wide process window would be very beneficial for improving the uniformity and the yield for the solar cell fabrication. The a-Si:H layer microstructure was further investigated by Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization. The correlation between the microstructure and the passivation performance was revealed. According to the above findings, the a-Si:H passivation performance was optimized more elaborately. Finally, a large-area SHJ solar cell with an efficiency of 22.25% was fabricated on the commercial 156 mm pseudo-square n-type Cz c-Si substrate with the open-circuit voltage ( ) of up to 0.732 V.

关键词: PECVD     high pressure and high power     a-Si:H microstructure     passivation     heterojunction solar cell    

High-quality industrial n-type silicon wafers with an efficiency of over 23% for Si heterojunction solar

Fanying MENG,Jinning LIU,Leilei SHEN,Jianhua SHI,Anjun HAN,Liping ZHANG,Yucheng LIU,Jian YU,Junkai ZHANG,Rui ZHOU,Zhengxin LIU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 78-84 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0435-5

摘要: n-type CZ-Si wafers featuring longer minority carrier lifetime and higher tolerance of certain metal contamination can offer one of the best Si-based solar cells. In this study, Si heterojuction (SHJ) solar cells which was fabricated with different wafers in the top, middle and tail positions of the ingot, exhibited a stable high efficiency of>22% in spite of the various profiles of the resistivity and lifetime, which demonstrated the high material utilization of n-type ingot. In addition, for effectively converting the sunlight into electrical power, the pyramid size, pyramid density and roughness of surface of the Cz-Si wafer were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, the dependence of SHJ solar cell open-circuit voltage on the surface topography was discussed, which indicated that the uniformity of surface pyramid helps to improve the open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency. Moreover, the simulation revealed that the highest efficiency of the SHJ solar cell could be achieved by the wafer with a thickness of 100 µm. Fortunately, over 23% of the conversion efficiency of the SHJ solar cell with a wafer thickness of 100 µm was obtained based on the systematic optimization of cell fabrication process in the pilot production line. Evidently, the large availability of both n-type ingot and thinner wafer strongly supported the lower cost fabrication of high efficiency SHJ solar cell.

关键词: n-type Cz-Si     thinner wafer     surface texture     high efficiency     SHJ solar cell    

An industrial solution to light-induced degradation of crystalline silicon solar cells

Meng XIE,Changrui REN,Liming FU,Xiaodong QIU,Xuegong YU,Deren YANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 67-71 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0430-x

摘要: Boron-oxygen defects can cause serious light-induced degradation (LID) of commercial solar cells based on the boron-doped crystalline silicon (c-Si), which are formed under the injection of excess carriers induced either by illumination or applying forward bias. In this contribution, we have demonstrated that the passivation process of boron-oxygen defects can be induced by applying forward bias for a large quantity of solar cells, which is much more economic than light illumination. We have used this strategy to trigger the passivation process of batches of aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) solar cells and passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells. Both kinds of the treated solar cells show high stability in efficiency and suffer from very little LID under further illumination at room temperature. This technology is of significance for the suppression of LID of c-Si solar cells for the industrial manufacture.

关键词: Boron-oxygen defects     c-Si solar cells     light-induced degradation     passivation     forward bias    

Ultrathin microcrystalline hydrogenated Si/Ge alloyed tandem solar cells towards full solar spectrum

Yu Cao, Xinyun Zhu, Xingyu Tong, Jing Zhou, Jian Ni, Jianjun Zhang, Jinbo Pang

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 997-1005 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1906-0

摘要: Thin film solar cells have been proved the next generation photovoltaic devices due to their low cost, less material consumption and easy mass production. Among them, micro-crystalline Si and Ge based thin film solar cells have advantages of high efficiency and ultrathin absorber layers. Yet individual junction devices are limited in photoelectric conversion efficiency because of the restricted solar spectrum range for its specific absorber. In this work, we designed and simulated a multi-junction solar cell with its four sub-cells selectively absorbing the full solar spectrum including the ultraviolet, green, red as well as near infrared range, respectively. By tuning the Ge content, the record efficiency of 24.80% has been realized with the typical quadruple junction structure of a-Si:H/a-Si Ge :H/µc-Si:H/µc-Si Ge :H. To further reduce the material cost, thickness dependent device performances have been conducted. It can be found that the design of total thickness of 4 m is the optimal device design in balancing the thickness and the . While the design of ultrathin quadruple junction device with total thickness of 2 m is the optimized device design regarding cost and long-term stability with a little bit more reduction in . These results indicated that our solar cells combine the advantages of low cost and high stability. Our work may provide a general guidance rule of utilizing the full solar spectrum for developing high efficiency and ultrathin multi-junction solar cells.

关键词: thin films     solar cells     quadruple junction solar cell     amorphous silicon     silicon germanium alloy     quantum efficiency    

POCl3 diffusion for industrial Si solar cell emitter formation

Hongzhao LI,Kyung KIM,Brett HALLAM,Bram HOEX,Stuart WENHAM,Malcolm ABBOTT

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 42-51 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0433-7

摘要: POCl diffusion is currently the standard method for industrial n-type emitter fabrication. In this study, we present the impact of the following processing parameters on emitter formation and electrical performance: deposition gas flow ratio, drive-in temperature and duration, drive-in O flow rate, and thermal oxidation temperature. By showing their influence on the emitter doping profile and recombination activity, we provide an overall strategy for improving industrial POCl tube diffused emitters.

关键词: POCl3 diffusion     emitter recombination     oxidation     silicon    

SiO2 passivation layer grown by liquid phase deposition for silicon solar cell application

Yanlin CHEN,Sihua ZHONG,Miao TAN,Wenzhong SHEN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 52-59 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0429-3

摘要: Surface passivation is one of the primary requirements for high efficient silicon solar cells. Though the current existed passivation techniques are effective, expensive equipments are required. In this paper, a comprehensive understanding of the SiO passivation layer grown by liquid phase deposition (LPD) was presented, which was cost-effective and very simple. It was found that the post-annealing process could significantly enhance the passivation effect of the LPD SiO film. Besides, it was revealed that both chemical passivation and field-effect passivation mechanisms played important roles in outstanding passivation effect of the LPD SiO film through analyzing the minority carrier lifetime and the surface recombination velocity of n-type and p-type silicon wafers. Although the deposition parameters had little influence on the passivation effect, they affected the deposition rate. Therefore, appropriate deposition parameters should be carefully chosen based on the compromise of the deposition rate and fabrication cost. By utilizing the LPD SiO film as surface passivation layer, a 19.5%-efficient silicon solar cell on a large-scale wafer (156 mm × 156 mm) was fabricated.

关键词: Si solar cell     passivation     SiO2     liquid phase deposition     carrier lifetime    

Influence of using amorphous silicon stack as front heterojunction structure on performance of interdigitatedback contact-heterojunction solar cell (IBC-HJ)

Rui JIA,Ke TAO,Qiang LI,Xiaowan DAI,Hengchao SUN,Yun SUN,Zhi JIN,Xinyu LIU

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 96-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0434-6

摘要: Interdigitated back contact-heterojunction (IBC-HJ) solar cells can have a conversion efficiency of over 25%. However, the front surface passivation and structure have a great influence on the properties of the IBC-HJ solar cell. In this paper, detailed numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the potential of front surface field (FSF) offered by stack of n-type doped and intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers on the front surface of IBC-HJ solar cells. Simulations results clearly indicate that the electric field of FSF should be strong enough to repel minority carries and cumulate major carriers near the front surface. However, the over-strong electric field tends to drive electrons into a-Si layer, leading to severe recombination loss. The n-type doped amorphous silicon (n-a-Si) layer has been optimized in terms of doping level and thickness. The optimized intrinsic amorphous silicon (i-a-Si) layer should be as thin as possible with an energy band gap ( ) larger than 1.4 eV. In addition, the simulations concerning interface defects strongly suggest that FSF is essential when the front surface is not passivated perfectly. Without FSF, the IBC-HJ solar cells may become more sensitive to interface defect density.

关键词: amorphous silicon     front surface field     simulations     interdigitated back contact-heterojunction solar cells    

Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

《能源前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0881-9

摘要: Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen. Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima, considerable efforts have been made in this research area. Among various materials developed, Ga(X)N/Si (X = In, Ge, Mg, etc.) nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight. This paper introduces the characteristics, properties, and growth/synthesis/fabrication methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture, primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel. In addition, it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.

关键词: Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture     artificial photosynthesis     water splitting     solar toward hydrogen    

Combustion characteristics of SI engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends during cold start

SONG Ruizhi, LIU Shenghua, LIANG Xiaoqiang, Tiegang H U

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 395-400 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0081-7

摘要: A 3-cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends was used to study combustion and emission characteristics. Cylinder pressure analysis indicates that engine combustion is improved when methanol is added to gasoline. With the increase of methanol, the flame developing period and the rapid combustion period are shortened, and the indicated mean effective pressure increases during the first 50 cycles. Meanwhile, a novel quasi-instantaneous sampling system was designed to measure engine emissions during cold start and warm-up. The results at 5°C show that unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) decrease remarkably. Hydrocarbon (HC) reduces by 40% and CO by 70% when fueled with M30 (30% methanol in volume). The exhaust gas temperature is about 140°C higher at 200 s after operation compared with that of gasoline.

关键词: combustion     3-cylinder     indicated     Cylinder pressure     emission    

利用三元合金保护和催化的硅光阳极与廉价硅太阳能电池相结合实现12.0%的太阳能制氢效率 Article

何凌云, 洪欣, 王亦清, 邢众航, 耿嘉峰, 郭鹏慧, 苏进展, 沈少华

《工程(英文)》 2023年 第25卷 第6期   页码 128-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.023

摘要:

n型硅(n-Si)表面在水溶液中容易被氧化和钝化,导致其在光电化学(PEC)分解水的析氧反应(OER)动力学缓慢。本工作通过欠电位沉积成功地在p+n-Si基底上电沉积了三金属Ni0.9Fe0.05Co0.05保护层。制备的Ni0.9Fe0.05Co0.05/p+n-Si光阳极具有优异的稳定性和PEC水氧化活性,具有相对低的OER起始电位(相对于可逆氢电极电势(RHE)仅为0.938 V),并且在1.23 V vs.RHE电位时具有较高的光电流密度(33.1 mA∙cm-2),显著优于Ni/p+n-Si光阳极。工作证明了Fe在Ni层的掺杂会在Ni0.9Fe0.05Co0.05/p+n-Si界面处产生较大的能带弯曲,促进界面电荷分离。

关键词: n-Si     光阳极     水分解     光伏/光电化学器件    

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Yanli LIN, Xiaohui SI, Fulei CHU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第6卷 第2期   页码 203-213 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0131-4

摘要:

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.

关键词: rotor dynamics     slant crack     stability     torsional excitation     open and close    

Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0892-z

摘要: Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated. Elevated soil mercury content had significant impact on mercury accumulation in rape stems, roots, seeds and seed coats. Leaf mercury in the leaves was mostly affected by atmospheric input while the stems were mostly affected by soil concentrations. Mercury in the aboveground plant tissue mainly derived from atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric mercury absorption in leaves was higher than that in the stems. Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated using an open top chamber fumigation experiment and a soil mercury enriched cultivation experiment. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in leaves and stems showed a significant variation under different concentrations of mercury in atmospheric and soil experiments while the concentration of mercury in roots, seeds and seed coats showed no significant variation under different atmospheric mercury concentrations. Using the function relation established by the experiment, results for atmospheric mercury sources in rape field biomass showed that atmospheric sources accounted for at least 81.81% of mercury in rape leaves and 32.29% of mercury in the stems. Therefore, mercury in the aboveground biomass predominantly derives from the absorption of atmospheric mercury.

关键词: Open top chamber     Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM)     Soil Mercury     Brassica napus    

Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives

Jintang Huang, Youju Huang, Si Wu

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 450-456 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1735-6

摘要:

Supramolecular assemblies (PS-b-P4VP(AzoR)) are fabricated by hydrogen-bonding azobenzene derivatives (AzoR) to poly(4-vinyl pyridine) blocks of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) forms phase separated nanostructures with a period of ~75–105 nm. A second length scale structure with a period of 2 µm is fabricated on phase separated PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) by laser interference ablation. Both the concentration and the substituent of AzoR in PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) affect the laser ablation process. The laser ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) decreases as the concentration of AzoR increases. In PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) with different substituents (R= CN, H, and CH3), ablation thresholds follow the trend: PS-b-P4VP(AzoCN)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoCH3)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoH). This result indicates that the electron donor group (CH3) and the electron acceptor group (CN) can lower the ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR).

关键词: laser ablation     block copolymers     hydrogen-bond     azobenzene derivatives     supramolecular assembly    

Numerical simulation of charge stratifications to improve combustion and NO formation of lean-burn SI

Zhijun PENG ,

《能源前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 353-358 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0035-8

摘要: The influences of charge stratification on spark ignition (SI) engine combustion and NO emission were analyzed using a phenomenological model. The mixture in the cylinder was divided spherically into three parts: a central core with a stoichiometric air-fuel charge, a dilution region without any combustible charge, and a mixing region lying between the core and the dilution region. Three mixture stratification parameters such as the extent of dilution in the mixing region, the extent of combustible charge in the mixing region, and the gradient of stratification in the mixing region were investigated. The results indicate that the extent of combustible charge in the mixing region could reduce in-cylinder NO formation significantly, compared with the extent of dilution in the mixing region. As long as the degree of dilution in the mixing region is within the dilution limit of the combustible charge, the gradient of dilution has little effect on combustion and NO formation.

关键词: charge stratification     SI engine     lean-burn combustion     NO emission    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Analysis of the double-layer α-Si:H emitter with different doping concentrations for α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctionsolar cells

Haibin HUANG,Gangyu TIAN,Tao WANG,Chao GAO,Jiren YUAN,Zhihao YUE,Lang ZHOU

期刊论文

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of excellent a-Si:H passivation layers for a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunctionsolar cells at high pressure and high power

Lei ZHAO,Wenbin ZHANG,Jingwei CHEN,Hongwei DIAO,Qi WANG,Wenjing WANG

期刊论文

High-quality industrial n-type silicon wafers with an efficiency of over 23% for Si heterojunction solar

Fanying MENG,Jinning LIU,Leilei SHEN,Jianhua SHI,Anjun HAN,Liping ZHANG,Yucheng LIU,Jian YU,Junkai ZHANG,Rui ZHOU,Zhengxin LIU

期刊论文

An industrial solution to light-induced degradation of crystalline silicon solar cells

Meng XIE,Changrui REN,Liming FU,Xiaodong QIU,Xuegong YU,Deren YANG

期刊论文

Ultrathin microcrystalline hydrogenated Si/Ge alloyed tandem solar cells towards full solar spectrum

Yu Cao, Xinyun Zhu, Xingyu Tong, Jing Zhou, Jian Ni, Jianjun Zhang, Jinbo Pang

期刊论文

POCl3 diffusion for industrial Si solar cell emitter formation

Hongzhao LI,Kyung KIM,Brett HALLAM,Bram HOEX,Stuart WENHAM,Malcolm ABBOTT

期刊论文

SiO2 passivation layer grown by liquid phase deposition for silicon solar cell application

Yanlin CHEN,Sihua ZHONG,Miao TAN,Wenzhong SHEN

期刊论文

Influence of using amorphous silicon stack as front heterojunction structure on performance of interdigitatedback contact-heterojunction solar cell (IBC-HJ)

Rui JIA,Ke TAO,Qiang LI,Xiaowan DAI,Hengchao SUN,Yun SUN,Zhi JIN,Xinyu LIU

期刊论文

Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward

期刊论文

Combustion characteristics of SI engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends during cold start

SONG Ruizhi, LIU Shenghua, LIANG Xiaoqiang, Tiegang H U

期刊论文

利用三元合金保护和催化的硅光阳极与廉价硅太阳能电池相结合实现12.0%的太阳能制氢效率

何凌云, 洪欣, 王亦清, 邢众航, 耿嘉峰, 郭鹏慧, 苏进展, 沈少华

期刊论文

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Yanli LIN, Xiaohui SI, Fulei CHU

期刊论文

Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

期刊论文

Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives

Jintang Huang, Youju Huang, Si Wu

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of charge stratifications to improve combustion and NO formation of lean-burn SI

Zhijun PENG ,

期刊论文